Yiziphi izimbangela zomlilo ephaketheni lebhethri le-lithium?

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imililo nokuqhuma kuye kwenzeka kaningi kwezinye izimboni ze-elekthronikhi, futhi ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium sekuyinkinga ekhathaza kakhulu abathengi.Umlilo wamandla ibhethri ye-lithium-ionIphakethe liyivelakancane kakhulu, kepha uma lenzekile, lizodala ukusabela okuqinile futhi libangele ukuchayeka okuningi.Imililo yephakethe yebhethri ye-lithium ingase ibangelwe iphutha ngaphakathi kwebhethri kunebhethri ngokwalo.Isizathu esiyinhloko ukugijima okushisayo.

Imbangela yomlilo emandleni ephakethe lebhethri le-lithium

Isizathu esikhulu somlilo we iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium ukuthi ukushisa ebhethri akukwazi ukukhululwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuklama, futhi umlilo ubangelwa ngemva kokufinyelela iphuzu lokuthungela lezinto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu i-short circuit yangaphandle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu langaphandle kanye nangaphakathi. isifunda esifushane..

Njengomthombo wamandla wezimoto zikagesi ezimsulwa, imbangela eyinhloko yomlilo kumaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium-ion ukubaleka okushisayo okubangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile kwebhethri, okungenzeka kakhulu kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokushajwa nokukhipha ibhethri.Njengoba ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ngokwayo inokumelana okuthile kwangaphakathi, izokhiqiza inani elithile lokushisa ngenkathi ikhipha amandla kagesi ukuze inikeze amandla ezimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi, okuzokwandisa izinga lokushisa layo.Uma izinga lokushisa layo lidlula izinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza, ibhethri yonke ye-lithium izolimala.Ukuphila isikhathi eside kweqembu nokuphepha.

Iuhlelo lwebhethri lamandlayakhiwe ngamaseli ebhethri lamandla amaningi.Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, inani elikhulu lokushisa liyakhiqizwa futhi liqoqwe ebhokisini elincane lebhethri.Uma ukushisa kungenakuqedwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lizothinta impilo yephakethe lebhethri le-lithium futhi ngisho nokubaleka kwe-Thermal kwenzeka, okuholela ezingozini ezinjengomlilo nokuqhuma.

Uma kubhekwa ukushisa okushisayo kwamaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium-ion, izixazululo zamanje zasekhaya ezijwayelekile zithuthukiswa ikakhulukazi ezicini ezimbili: ukuvikela kwangaphandle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi.Ukuvikela kwangaphandle ikakhulukazi kubhekisele ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesistimu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi kubhekisela ekuthuthukisweni kwebhethri ngokwalo.

Nazi izizathu ezinhlanu zokuthi kungani amaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium evutha umlilo:

1. Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle

Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle singabangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile noma ukusetshenziswa kabi.Ngenxa yesifunda esifushane sangaphandle, ukukhishwa kwamanje kwephakethe lebhethri le-lithium kukhulu kakhulu, okuzokwenza ukuthi umgogodla wensimbi ushise.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lizokwenza ukuthi i-diaphragm engaphakathi kwensimbi ishwabane noma ilimale ngokuphelele, okuholela ekujikelezeni okufushane kwangaphakathi nomlilo.

2. Isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi

Ngenxa yesenzo sangaphakathi sesifunda esifushane, ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwamanje kweseli yebhethri kudala ukushisa okukhulu, okushisa i-diaphragm, okuholela esimweni esikhulu sesifunda esifushane, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu, i-electrolyte ibola ibe igesi, futhi yangaphakathi. ukucindezela kukhulu kakhulu.Lapho igobolondo langaphandle lomnyombo lingakwazi ukumelana nalokhu kucindezela, umgogodla ubamba umlilo.

3. Imali engaphezulu

Lapho i-iron core ishajwa ngokweqile, ukukhululwa ngokweqile kwe-lithium kusuka ku-electrode enhle kuzoshintsha ukwakheka kwe-electrode enhle.I-lithium eningi kakhulu ifakwa kalula ku-electrode engemihle, futhi kulula ukubangela i-lithium ukuthi ihle phezu kwe-electrode engemihle.Lapho i-voltage idlula i-4.5V, i-electrolyte izobola futhi ikhiqize inani elikhulu legesi.Konke lokhu kungadala imililo.

4. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuphezulu kakhulu

Amanzi angasabela nge-electrolyte kumongo ukuze akhe igesi.Uma ishaja, ingasabela nge-lithium ekhiqiziwe ukuze ikhiqize i-lithium oxide, okuzobangela ukulahlekelwa umthamo oyinhloko, futhi kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukuthi umgogodla ukhokhiswe ngokweqile ukukhiqiza igesi.Amanzi ane-voltage ephansi yokubola futhi abola kalula abe igesi ngesikhathi sokushajwa.Lapho la magesi ekhiqizwa, ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwenkango kuyanda lapho igobolondo langaphandle lomnyombo lingakwazi ukumelana nala magesi.Ngaleso sikhathi, umnyombo uzoqhuma.

5. Umthamo onganele we-electrode ongalungile

Lapho amandla e-electrode engalungile ehlobene ne-electrode ephozithivu enganele, noma kungekho nhlobo umthamo, enye noma yonke i-lithium ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushaja ayikwazi ukufakwa esakhiweni se-interlayer segraphite ye-electrode negative, futhi izofakwa indawo ye-electrode negative.I-"dendrite" ephumayo, ingxenye yalesi protuberance cishe ibangele imvula ye-lithium ngesikhathi sokushaja okulandelayo.Ngemva kwamashumi kuya kumakhulu emijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha, “ama-dendrite” azokhula futhi ekugcineni abhoboze iphepha le-septum, afinyeze ingaphakathi.